In Spain, there are two main types of property ownership structures: ownership as an individual (en propiedad) and ownership through a legal entity (en propiedad horizontal).

Ownership as an individual (en propiedad) refers to the traditional form of ownership where the property is owned by one or more individuals. The owner(s) have full control over the property and are responsible for all of the costs and expenses associated with it.

Ownership through a legal entity (en propiedad horizontal) refers to a form of ownership where the property is owned by a legal entity, such as a company or association, and is divided into individual units that are owned by the members of the entity. Each unit is typically referred to as a “horizontal property” or “apartment.” The legal entity is responsible for maintaining the common areas of the property, such as the lobby, elevators, and gardens, and the individual unit owners are responsible for maintaining their own units.

In Spain, it is also possible for a property to be owned by a combination of individuals and a legal entity, or for a property to be owned by a trust (fideicomiso).